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Craftsmen were divided into cordwainers, corvesors and cobblers. Both the cordwainer the corvesor made new shoes. The cobbler bought up old shoes and reconditioned of them for resale, probably to the poor. Disputes between cordwainers and cobblers arose over the use of new leather in the reconditioning of shoes for resale. A ruling of 1409 prohibited cobblers from using new leather for soles or quarters but allowed them to reinforce the existing sole with irregularly shaped pieces of thick leather known as ‘clump’ soles. Only cordwainers were permitted to repair and resole shoes with new leather.

With the image open in Photoshop click the Filter menu where you’ll see the “Camera Raw Filter…” option near to the top. Click this to open the image in Adobe Camera Raw. After making your adjustments in Camera Raw, click the OK button to apply the adjustments to your image.

iatrogenic

adjective

Relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment.

An example “drugs may cause side effects which can lead to iatrogenic disease”

Iatro- is a combining form used like a prefix meaning “healer, medicine, healing.” It is used in a few, mostly obscure medical and scientific terms. Iatro- comes from the Greek iātrós, meaning “healer.”

Euvolemic: Having a normal amount of body fluids.

As everything is known only by its opposite, the idea of needing to be patient springs from a feeling of impatience. That is bred from desire. And desire means being in the world and wanting to affect a certain outcome. There are times for that, such as when one desires a certain outcome for a loved one, but for many other things – they really are not worth one’s time. The way out of that two-step dance, as with any twosome, is to step out the back door, so to speak and watch it unfolding.

Everything is susceptible to something that revolutionises peoples’ need and wants. The hope for Apple, Microsoft, Google is that they can get in early on whatever that is. The problem for Facebook is that nobody needs it. If it was genuinely a place to hang out with friends it would be a nice place to visit – but it is raddled with the platform itself pushing users towards a desired destination, whether to sell stuff to them or to inflate its own attraction to users. And that is always susceptible to simply falling out of favour. Desires are fickle. And then advertisers will desert it and it will be a big, empty ship. Maybe.

The question at the moment is whether Google can defeat the legislation that is being proposed that would make its platform responsible for the content it links out to. Google has been emailing its users (I have had two emails from them) saying how dangerous this is for access to information, because – says Google – if it has to be responsible for that content it will destroy its business.

Apple is on the right side of this in that it is pushing a privacy-first model.

Then there is the risk that legislators will insist companies simply split up because they dominate the market.

I think the special case of Facebook is that a significant narrative is that people – users included – do not like the platform. They use it, but they don’t like it.